Glossary of Terms


Absolute Minimum Charge

The minimum charge after applying all pricing terms.


Accessorial Charge

Any extra service provided that is not considered standard will incur an additional fee called an accessorial charge. Extra services may include, but are not limited to: arrival notification, inside pickup/delivery, lift gate service, hazardous materials, insurance and fuel surcharges.


Aging

Determining how long a bill has been unpaid.


Back Haul

To transport a shipment back over a part of a route it has already traveled.


Bill of Lading

A legal document provided by the shipper, which indicates the party that is shipping the freight, a description of the freight and the party to whom it is being shipped. The Driver picks up the Bill of Lading from the customer who is shipping the freight and takes it to the Service Center along with the freight. Alternate Names: BOL or B/L


Bonded Warehouse

A warehouse approved by the U.S. Treasury Dept. that is utilized for storing goods until duties are paid or goods are properly released.


Booking Number

Typically used for international freight, a number assigned to a certain space reservation by the carrier or the carrier’s agent.


Break Bulk

A facility that processes trailers with multiple destinations in order to build direct loads.


Broker

A company or individual that arranges the buying and selling of transportation services.


Brokerage License

Authority granted to engage in the business of arranging for the transportation of persons or property in interstate commerce.


Cartage Company

A carrier who performs pickup or delivery using their own paperwork in areas that Dayton Freight does not serve. States include MN, KS, IA, WI, and MI.


Cash On Delivery (COD)

A shipment for which Dayton Freight is responsible for collecting the freight cost prior to delivery.


Certificate of Insurance

A document issued by an insurance company/broker that is used to verify the existence of insurance coverage on freight.


Certificate of Origin

An authoritative statement concerning the national origin of freight.


City Driver

Someone who picks up and delivers freight to and from local customers located near their domiciled Service Center.


Claim

A demand made upon Dayton Freight for payment due to freight loss or damage. All claims must be filed within nine months of the incident.


Claimant

The person or company filing a claim.


Collect Shipment

A shipment on which Dayton Freight collects freight charges and advances.


CoMat

Internal system to move mail or small package materials using the existing Transportation network. Transportation receives CoMat when getting their dispatch paperwork. Alternate Names: Company Material, Truck Mail


Commodity

Any goods shipped.


Concealed Loss or Damage

This term describes freight loss or damage that is not apparent until opened.


Consignee

The individual or company shown on the Bill of Lading to whom the freight is delivered by Dayton Freight.


Consignor

The individual or company shown on the Bill of Lading as the shipper of the property received by Dayton Freight for transportation.


Core Area

Describes the geographic area in which Dayton Freight operates. Currently, Dayton Freight’s Core Area consists of 13 Midwest States: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Wisconsin.


Cross Dock Loading

Unloading freight from one truck, moving it across the dock and loading it directly onto another truck, without temporarily storing it on the dock.


CWT

Per hundred weight.


Deck Trailer

A trailer with rows of tracking on each sidewall to reduce potential freight damage during loading and transport. The tracks work horizontally and vertically to ensure the safety of a customer’s freight. Adjustable to any height, and with generous weight allowances, deck trailers give Dayton Freight the ability to make the best use of space while preventing shipments from being loaded on top of one another.


Declared Value

The shipper’s stated dollar value of the entire shipment being transported.


Deficit Weight

Falling below the minimum weight requirement.


Delivery Receipt

A document dated and signed by the consignee at the time of delivery stating the condition of the freight. The signed receipt is returned to the driver, with a copy retained by the consignee. Alternate Name: DR


Density

The weight of the freight being shipped per cubic foot or other unit of measurement.


Department of Transportation (DOT)

An agency of the Federal Government which oversees safety practices of the trucking/transportation industry.


Destination Service Center

The Service Center that is responsible for delivering a shipment or handing it off to the appropriate partner or cartage agent. Alternate Name: DT


Detention

A charge for a vehicle held by or for shipper or consignee for loading or unloading, for forwarding directions or for any other purpose.


Direct

Freight for one Service Center on a transportation trailer Alternate Name: Proper


Dispatch

The act of sending a Driver on an assigned route with instructions and paperwork. A unique number used to tie the manifest to the tractor and trailer that is transporting it. Note: A manifest can have multiple dispatches, but a dispatch number is unique.


Dock

The loading or unloading platform at a Dayton Freight Service Center or a customer’s location. It is generally the same height as the trailer floor.


Dock Plate

Metal plate that extends the dock to the trailer so there is a smooth “ramp.”


Dock Worker

An employee who loads and unloads trailers.


Domicile Service Center

The Service Center that is the “home” Service Center for a piece of equipment or Driver.


Dunnage

This describes material used to protect or support freight during transportation.


Duty

A tax levied by a government on the import, export, use or consumption of goods.


Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

The electronic transmission of shipping documents between Dayton Freight and its customers via defined standards.


End of Line

A facility that typically only deals with picking up and delivering freight and not processing break bulk shipments. Alternate Names: EOL


Exception

Any delivery in which the consignee or Driver notes a problem on the Delivery Receipt before signing it.


Excess Value Liability

The amount of value above Dayton Freight’s stated maximum liability.


Exclusive Use of Truck or Trailer

This is a request made by a shipper – on the Bill of Lading – for the complete use of a truck or trailer.


Expedite

To increase the speed of the transportation process.


Export

A shipment sent to a foreign country.


FAK

Freight, All Kinds.


Force Majeure

An exemption clause for the non-fulfillment of a contract due to Acts of God.


Forklift

A powered industrial truck used to lift and move materials short distances. A machine that picks up and moves freight loaded on pallets or skids. Alternate Names: Jeep, Tow Motor, HI-LO


Free Astray

This term describes freight bearing marks indicating origin and destination, but separated from the waybill.


Free on Board (FOB)

A term of sale where responsibility for expenses and risk for freight passes from the seller to the buyer.


Freight Bill

An invoice issued by Dayton Freight based on the Bill of Lading and other information.


Freight Bill Number

See Pro Number.


Freight Forwarder

Describes a company that assembles small shipments into one large shipment that is then tendered to an over-the-road carrier. Upon reaching its destination, the shipment is then separated into smaller shipments.


Fuel Surcharge

An adjustment based on the average U.S. price for a gallon of diesel fuel.


Guaranteed Service

A service product offered by DFL that guarantees that freight is delivered by 12pm (AM Guaranteed) or 5pm (PM Guaranteed). The service is set-up by zip code and the AM or PM service aren’t available to all zip codes.


Handling Unit

A carton, pallet, skid or other bundled or unitized cargo that is individually identified. Alternate Names: HU, H/U


Hazardous Material

A substance or material may be designated as hazardous if the transportation of the material in a particular amount and form poses an unreasonable risk to health and safety or property. Hazardous materials are defined by the U.S. Department of Transportation in accordance with the Federal Hazardous Material Law. Alternate Name: HazMat


Hub

This is a Service Center in the Dayton Freight system that unloads and consolidates shipments received from other Service Centers. Alternate Name: Breakbulk


Import

A shipment from a foreign country.


In-Bond

Shipments moved under U.S. Customs bond.


Inbound

Freight that is coming in to the Service Center.


Inland Transportation Insurance

Dayton Freight offers cargo insurance for freight moving over land throughout the United States and Canada. The insurance covers up to 110% of the sum of the invoice value of the shipment plus freight charges. Coverage begins once Dayton Freight picks up the shipment and continues until it arrives at its final destination, including Strategic Alliance Partners. In the unlikely event of loss or damage, the shipment is covered for the full insured value with no deductible.


Inside Pickup/Delivery

When a Driver is required to go beyond the front door or loading dock to pick up or deliver freight.


Interline

A company which has an agreement with another company to service each other’s customers, outside their delivery or pickup points.


Intermodal

The movement of freight between motor, air, sea and rail transportation, or equipment that is compatible with multiple transportation modes. Alternate Name: Multimodal


Less Than Containerload (LCL)

An amount of freight less than an entire container.


Less Than Truckload (LTL)

A company, like Dayton Freight Lines, which specializes in moving freight that takes up less space than entire cargo area of the trailer. Typically, a trailer will have freight from many different shippers going to various locations.


LH

See Transportation.


Liftgate

A mechanical device fitted to the back of a trailer and is designed to facilitate the materials handling of goods from ground level or a loading dock to the level of the load bed of the vehicle, or vice versa.


Liftgate Service

A liftgate is a motorized platform affixed to the back of a trailer that raises and lowers freight between the ground and the truck. It is used when the shipping or receiving location does not have a loading dock. It is considered an additional service (see Accessorial Charge).


Linehaul

This is the movement of freight between Dayton Freight Service Centers.


Linehaul Driver/Transportation Driver

Someone who hauls freight from one Service Center to another Service Center.


LTL Carrier

A company, like Dayton Freight Lines, which specializes in moving freight that takes up less space than entire cargo area of the trailer. Typically, a trailer will have freight from many different shippers going to various locations.


Manifest

A list of the freight or cargo loaded on a trailer.


NMFC Number

A number that specifically identifies each type of product that can be shipped by an LTL carrier. The National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) assigns NMFC item numbers to all products, along with a freight class.


NMFTA

NMFTA is the National Motor Freight Traffic Association and it is an organization based out of Alexandria, VA that researches commodities moving via interstate and intrastate commerce. They publish the NMFC (National Motor Freight Classification) and maintain ClassIT, the online version, which identify proper freight classification based on the commodity’s density, handling, stowability, and liability.


On The Double Guaranteed Service

On The Double gives Dayton Freight customers the opportunity to specify when they want their freight delivered – either by Noon or 5 PM – for an additional fee. On-time delivery is guaranteed, or it’s free.


Operating Ratio

The ratio between operating expenses and gross revenue.


Origin Service Center

The facility where the freight was picked up or came into the Dayton Freight network from a cartage of partner.


OS&D

Overage, Shortage and Damaged - shipments that have more freight than is listed on the Bill of Lading (overage), less than listed on the Bill of Lading (shortage) or freight that has been damaged.


OSHA

Occupation Safety and Health Administration- An agency of the Federal Government that promotes safety in the work place.


Outbound

Freight that is being shipped out of a Service Center.


Overage

The number of units received is greater than the quantity shown on the Bill of Lading.


P&D Driver

Pickup and delivery driver. See City Driver.


Packing List

A detailed inventory of items in a shipment.


Pad

This is the area in the yard where trailers are stored.


Pallet

A reusable platform with or without sides, usually made of wood, on which freight is loaded.


Pickup and Delivery

Often shortened to “P&D,” this term describes the local movement of freight between the shipper and the originating Service Center or the destination Service Center and the delivery location.


Prepaid

Refers to charges that have been paid or are to be paid at the point of shipment.


PRO Number

A unique number assigned by a Dayton Freight Driver when freight is picked up to reference a customer’s shipment for administrative, tracking, and invoicing purposes. The numbers are on pre-printed stickers which are attached to the freight and to the accompanying paperwork. PRO stands for “Progressive Rotating Order.” Alternate Name: Freight Bill Number


Proof of Delivery (POD)

The delivery receipt copy of the freight bill.


Purchase Order

A document created by a buyer to request a product or service from a seller. In the case of transportation, it would contain: buyer’s name and address, ship-to address, quantity, product code, expected price, ship or receipt date, as well as terms of sale.


Rate or Rating

How much a customer is to be charged for pickup and delivery of a shipment.


Reconsignment

A routing change made before or after the arrival of freight at its billed destination.


Recoup Freight

To make damaged product or packaging presentable to the consignee and safe to transit when possible through the use of shrink wrap, tape or restacking to not continue to crush packaging.


Reefer Unit

A temperature controlled trailer Note: DFL only uses heated trailers.


Release Value Not Exceeding (RVNX)

A term used to limit the value of freight transported. The limitation refers to carrier liability when paying a claim.


Request For Proposal (RFP)

A request given by a buyer to a seller to initiate the bid process for a contract.


Satellite Service Center

Service Center that creates loads to send to the hub.


SCAC

Standard Carrier Alpha Code; a unique two-to-four-letter code used to identify transportation companies.


Seal Number

An identifying number assigned to the tag used to secure or mark the locking mechanism on closed containers.


Service Center

A Dayton Freight facility where freight is unloaded from trucks and/or loaded onto trucks. Service Centers usually have an office area, a dock and a parking area for the trucks. Alternate Name: Terminal


Shipper

The company or individual who initiates the transportation of freight.


Shipper Load and Count

Describes the process by which the shipper places freight into a trailer at his/her own site with no opportunity for a joint check of the freight. In this case, the shipper is responsible for the proper loading and verification of the freight being shipped.


Shortage

Describes a situation where the number of units received is less than the quantity shown on the Bill of Lading.


Sort and Seg

When the Driver is required to separate products by type at a delivery.


Spotted Trailers

Trailers left at a customer location (pickup or delivery) to be loaded or unloaded by the customer. Alternate Names: Switch, Dropped


Statute of Limitations

A statement on the Bill of Lading that places a limit on the time in which a claim or a suit may be initiated.


Storage

A charge made for stored property.


Storage Charges

Payment due for storage.


Strategic Partners

Dayton Freight uses Strategic Partners (other LTL Transportation Companies) to deliver freight to locations outside of their Core Area.


Surcharge

A charge above the usual or customary charge for the transportation of freight. For example, a fuel surcharge.


Tandem Trailer

A trailer with two sets of wheels in the rear. For use in the city, the tandems are able to be slid forward to make sharper turns.


Tariff

A document setting forth applicable rules, rates and charges for the movement of goods. A tariff sets forth a contract of carriage for the shipper, the consignee and the carrier.


Terminal

A building where freight is unloaded from trucks and/or loaded onto trucks. Terminals usually have an office area, a dock and a parking area for the trucks.


Third Party Shipments

A shipment in which the person arranging the shipment is neither the originator nor the receiver.


Total Quality Management

A system of management that stresses satisfying the customers economically. Emphasis is placed on understanding and satisfying the customer’s needs, giving employees the power to make decisions and continuously improving the way we do things.


Transit Time

The total time it takes between a shipment’s pickup and delivery.


Transportation

The part of our operation involved with moving loads between Service Centers. Alternate Name: Line Haul (LH)


Trap Trailer

A trailer set-up to store freight during part of the operation to keep it off the dock, most often this freight is later moved from the trap trailer to the actual loading location.


Truckload (TL)

The amount of freight required to fill a truck, or the amount of freight weighing the maximum legal amount for a particular type of truck. With regard to freight rates, the amount of freight necessary to qualify the shipment for a truckload rate.


Volume

A large number of shipments or handling units at a single or small number of customers (pickup or delivery) that are live loaded or unloaded.


Web Services

A program/service that can be used by a customer to integrate functions of Dayton Freight’s web site into their own programs and development. Detailed information is available on the web site under Services - IT Integration.


Yard

The area at the Service Center where tractors and trailers are parked. This area is fenced in with a lockable gate.


Yard Horse

A piece of equipment that hooks to a trailer so that the trailer can be moved to another location at the dock or in the yard.


Yard Jockey

The person operating the Yard Horse and making the necessary yard moves with trailers.


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Dayton Freight Lines, Inc

6450 Poe Ave.
Dayton, Ohio 45414
800.860.5102